APA [7th edition]
Authored book chapters
If you sourced content from just one chapter of an authored book, APA suggests you reference the whole book rather than write a reference list for only that chapter.
| Reference list format | Author Last Name, Initials, (Year published) Book title. Publisher URL (for digital books) |
| Reference list example | Harris, J., (2019). Health benefits of exercise. Sciencescope. |
If you paraphrase a chapter, then cite the chapter as either a parenthetical or narrative in-text citation as shown in the following illustration.
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: (Author Last Name, Year published, Chapter number). Narrative: Author Last Name (Year published, Chapter number) |
| In-text citation examples | Parenthetical: (Harris, 2019, Chapter 1). Narrative: Harris (2019, Chapter 1) |
Also, a standard in-text citation should be used for paraphrasing that cuts across more than one chapter or covers the entire book.
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical citation of authored book: (Author Last Name, Year published) Narrative citation of authored book: Last Name: Author Last Name (Year published) |
| In-text citations | Parenthetical: (Harris, 2019). Narrative: Harris (2019) |
If you are including a direct quote from a chapter, a standard in-text citation should suffice.
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: Sentence bearing the quotation (Author Last Name, Year published, page number). Narrative: Author Last Name (Year published) phrase containing quotation (page number). |
| In-text citation examples | Parenthetical: Several studies have demonstrated that “exercise can be extremely beneficial” (Harris, 2019, p. 21). Narrative: Harris (2019) has explained that “human beings can benefit from few hours of exercise per day” (p. 21). |
Note
The quotation format above applies to both authored and edited book chapters.
Edited book chapters
| Reference list Format | Last Name of chapter author, Initial(s), (Year published). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) Initial, Last Name, (Eds.,), Title of book. (Edition, page numbers). Publisher. |
| Reference list example | Jones, F. (2021). A socialist perspective. In A. Ali & C.R. Elliot (Eds.), Politics and Transnational diplomacy: contending paradigms (4th ed., pp. 37–68). HarperCollins. |
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: (Last Name of chapter author, Year published). Narrative: Last Name of chapter author (Year published) |
| In-text citation examples | Parenthetical: (Jones, 2021). Narrative: Jones (2021) |
MLA [8th edition]
Chapter in a book by a single author
| Works-cited list Format | Author Last Name, First Name. Book title. Publisher, Year published. |
| Works-cited list example | Aden, Hussein. Contemporary social science studies. Giant Publishers, 2021. |
| In-text citation format | Provide the chapter titles/supply information about the chapters as a whole and the page[s] where such information can be found. |
| In-text citation examples | The distinct nature of the social sciences, as opposed to the natural sciences, has been discussed in numerous scholarly literature. In the chapter “The social science methodology,” Hussein Aden writes, “measurements in the social sciences are not as precise as those of physics, for example, because of the different nature of the variables involved.” (90). Hussein Aden’s Contemporary social science studies highlight the peculiarities of the social sciences in comparison to other educational faculties. The chapter “The social science methodology” (84-97) particularly distinguishes social science investigations from those of the natural sciences and others. |
Citing a book chapter uploaded to a website by a professor
| Reference list format | Last Name of chapter author, First Name. “Chapter title.” Title of the website in italics, uploaded by [First Name of professor Last Name], publisher of website [if different from website’s title], upload date [if available], URL. |
| Reference list example | James, Elsie. “Artificial intelligence.” Blackboard, uploaded by Will Hendry, 11 Aug. 2019, blackboardharvard.edu/. |
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: (Last Name of chapter author Year published) Narrative: Last Name of chapter author (Year published) |
| In-text citation examples | Parenthetical: (James 2019) Narrative: James (2019) |
Chicago [17th edition]
Author-Date
Chapter of a book
| Reference list format | Last name of the author, First name. Year published. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher. |
| Reference list example | Wilson, Charles. 2020. Introductory Economics. Washington: Peak Press. |
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: (Last Name of Author, Year published, page numbers) Narrative: Last Name of Author (Year published, page numbers) |
| In-text citation examples | Parenthetical: (Wilson 2020, 287–88) Narrative: Wilson (2020, 287–88) |
Chapter or another part of an edited book
| Reference list format | Last Name of chapter author, First Name. Year published. “Title of chapter.” In Title of Book, edited by First Name of editor, Last Name, page range. City of publication: Publisher. |
| Reference list example | Samuel, Harriet. 2021. “Ways to educate young learners.” In Effective Teaching Strategies, edited by Brian, Nicholas, 164–74. New York: Uranus Press. |
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: (Last Name of Author Year published, specific page[s]). Narrative: Last Name of Author (Year published, specific page[s]) |
| In-text citation examples | Parenthetical: (Samuel 2021, 164–65). Narrative: Samuel (2021, 170–171) |
In some cases, you may want to cite the collection as a whole instead.
| Reference list format | Last Name of book editor, First Name. Year published. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher. |
| Reference list example | Nicholas, Brian, ed. 2021. Effective Teaching Strategies. New York: Uranus Press. |
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: (Last Name of Author Year published, specific page[s]) Narrative: Last Name of Author (Year published, specific page[s]) |
| In-text citation examples | Parenthetical: (Nicholas 2021, 180–81) Narrative: Nicholas (2021, 180–81) |
Notes and Bibliography
Chapter of a book
| Notes format | First name of the author, Last name. Title of Book. (City of publication: Publisher, Year published), Specific page number[s]. |
| Notes example | Charles, Wilson. Introductory Economics (Washington: Peak Press, 2020), 187–88. |
| Shortened note format | Last Name of author, Book Title, Specific page number. |
| Shortened note example | Wilson, Introductory Economics, 187. |
| Bibliography Format | Last Name of author, First Name. Book Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year published. |
| Bibliography example | Wilson, Charles. Introductory Economics. Washington: Peak Press. 2020. |
Chapter or another part of an edited book
| Notes format | First Name of chapter author, Last Name. “Title of chapter,” in Title of Book, ed. First Name of editor, Last Name (Place of publication: Publisher, Year published), Specific pages |
| Notes example | Harriet, Samuel. “Ways to educate young learners.” In Effective Teaching Strategies, ed. Brian, Nicholas (New York: Uranus Press, 2020), 164-74. |
| Shortened note format | Last Name of author, “Title of chapter,” Specific page. |
| Shortened note example | Samuel, “Ways to educate young learners,” 164. |
| Bibliography Format | Last Name of editor, First Name, ed. “Title of chapter.” In Title of Book, edited by First Name of editor, Last Name, page range. Place of publication: Publisher, Year published. |
| Bibliography example | Samuel, Harriet. “Ways to educate young learners.” In Effective Teaching Strategies, edited by Brian, Nicholas, 164–74. New York: Uranus Press, 2020. |
In some cases, you may want to cite the collection as a whole instead.
| Note format | First Name of book editor Last Name, ed., Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year published), Specific pages. |
| Note example | Brian Nicholas, ed., Effective Teaching Strategies. (New York: Uranus Press, 2021), 180-181. |
| Shortened note format | Last Name of Book editor, Title of chapter, Specific page. |
| Shortened note example | Nicholas, Teaching Strategies, 187. |
| Bibliography Format | Last Name of Book editor, First Name, ed. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year published. |
| Bibliography example | Nicholas, Brian, ed. Effective Teaching Strategies. New York: Uranus Press, 2021. |
Harvard [In Cite them Right 10th edition]
| Reference list format | Chapter Author Last Name, Initials, (Year published). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) Initial. Editor(s) Surname, ed(s). Title of book. Edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publisher. Page numbers. |
| Reference list example | Nor, Idiris. (2018). Industrial growth in Somalia. In A. Richard, ed. Highlighting Economic growth and development in Africa. London: Routledge. pp. 49–70. |
| In-text citation format | Parenthetical: (Last Name of chapter author, Year published, page number). Narrative: Last Name of chapter author (Year published, page number) |
| In-text citations | Parenthetical: (Nor, 2018, p. 49). Narrative: Nor (2018, p. 49) |
